The Maternal Brain Project focuses on the profound neural adaptations that occur during pregnancy and postpartum.

Overview

To what extent is the adult human brain capable of extensive neuroplasticity? Could the remarkable remodeling of the maternal brain inspire new treatments for stroke or brain injury? Can we detect early biological signs of postpartum depression before it manifests? And what lasting effects do pregnancy conditions like preeclampsia or gestational diabetes have on brain health? To answer these questions—and many more—a global team of experts in neuroscience, reproductive immunology, proteomics, and AI have joined forces to chart the maternal brain’s transformation—searching for insights that could enhance brain health for everyone.

illustration of a women holding a baby

Image Credit: Susana Carmona

In 2024 our team generated the first detailed map of the human brain across pregnancy. Now we are launching a global expansion of the Maternal Brain Project with the goal of generating brain, biofluid, cognitive, and health data from 1,000+ mothers followed longitudinally, establishing the largest and most comprehensive maternal neuroimaging database to date. 

Data collection is underway in Santa Barbara and Madrid, made possible by a partnership with the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to enroll 200 first-time mothers.

graphic showing how pregnancy affects the brain

In the News

Media links and key publications

Publications
Nature Neuroscience logo
Martinez-Garcia M, Jacobs EG, de Lange AM, Carmona S (2025) Advancing the neuroscience of human pregnancy. Nature Neuroscience.
Science Advances Logo
Ballesteros C, Paternina-Die M, Martinez-Garcia M, Lopez-Montoya G, Noguero I, Desco M, Vilarroya O, Martin de Blas D, Carmona S (2025) Linking birth experience and perinatal depression symptoms to neuroanatomical changes in hippocampus and amygdala. Science Advances.
Nature Comms Logo
Servin-Barthet C, Martinez-Garcia M, Paternina-Die M, Marcos-Vidal L, Martin de Blas D, Soler A, Khymenets O, Berge D, Casals G, Prats P, Pozo O, Pretus C, Carmona S, Vilarroya O (2025) Pregnancy entails a U-shaped trajectory in human brain structure linked to hormones and maternal attachment. Nature Communications.
Nature Logo
McCormack C & Thomason M (2025) Pregnancy restructures the brain to prepare for childbirth and parenthood. Nature News & Views.
Nature Neuroscience logo
Pritschet L., Taylor C, Cossio D., Faskowitz J, Santander T., Handwerker D., Grotzinger H., Layher E., Chrastil E., and Jacobs, E.G. (2024) Neuroanatomical changes observed over the course of a human pregnancy. Nature Neuroscience.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Logo
Orchard ER, Rutherford HJV, Holmes AJ, Jamadar SD (2023) Matrescence: lifetime impact of motherhood on cognition and the brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
Nature Reviews Neuro Logo
Servin-Barthet C, Martinez-Garcia M, Pretus C, Paternina-Die M, Soler A, Khymenets O, Pozo O, Leuner B, Vilarroya O, Carmona S (2023) The transition to motherhood: linking hormones, brain and behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

Explore our publications to learn more about the discoveries emerging from our research. Visit our Study Resources page for information on accessing data, collaborating, or joining our scientific community. If you're interested in contributing to science firsthand, find out how to participate in research and help advance women's brain health.

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Related Documents

Maternal Brain Project

Fact Sheet
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